1) The development of blockchain technology, first introduced in 2008 with the creation of Bitcoin, has enabled secure and decentralized digital transactions and led to the emergence of cryptocurrencies.

2) The Earth's core is primarily composed of iron and nickel and is as hot as the surface of the sun.

3) Insurance fraud occurs when individuals or organizations deliberately deceive insurance companies to receive undeserved benefits.

4) Angelina Jolie is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received critical acclaim for her performances in films such as "Girl, Interrupted," "Mr. & Mrs. Smith," and "Maleficent," and has been actively involved in humanitarian work around the world.