1) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

2) Cristiano Ronaldo is a Portuguese professional soccer player widely regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He has won numerous awards, including multiple FIFA Ballon d'Or titles, and has played for top clubs such as Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.

3) The development of blockchain technology, first introduced in 2008 with the creation of Bitcoin, has enabled secure and decentralized digital transactions and led to the emergence of cryptocurrencies.

4) A newborn kangaroo is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) long and weighs less than a gram.